Revision Guide – History

SUBJECT: History
EXAM BOARD AND CODE: Pearson 1H10/H6
NUMBER OF PAPERS: 3
LENGTH OF PAPERS:
Paper 1 (75 mins)
– Medicine in Britain c1250-present
– Site study: British sector of the Western Front, 1914-18: injuries, treatment and the trenches
Paper 2 (55 mins)
– Anglo-Saxons and Norman England, c1060-88
Paper 3 (80 mins)
– The USA: Conflict at Home and Abroad (Civil Rights and Vietnam)
Please note the Cold War Topic has been removed this year. This is a decision made by the exam board for this year only to remove one paper due to school closures due to covid-19.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: Black Pen and spare
WEBSITE LINK: https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/GCSE/History/2016/specification-and-sample-assessments/9781446925867_GCSE2016_L12_History_Web.pdf

Topics to be revised

Paper 1 – Medicine in Britain, c1550-present (Question focus: Change over time)

• Four Humours: Galen and Hippocrates
• Miasma theory
• Importance of religion on explanations for disease and treatment
• Treatments: bloodletting, purging, remedies
• Role of apothecaries and barber surgeons
• Black Death: causes, treatment and prevention
• Growth of science and Royal Society
• Work of Thomas Sydenham
• Role of the printing press
• Early hospitals
• Work of Vesalius
• William Harvey and blood circulation
• Great Plague: causes, treatment and prevention
• Jenner and the development of smallpox vaccination
• Pasteur and Germ Theory
• Koch’s work on microbes
• Florence Nightingale and improvements in hospitals (also anaesthetics and antiseptics)
• Role of the government (vaccinations and Public Health Act 1875)
• Cholera, 1854: causes, treatment and prevention (John Snow and Broad Street pump)
• Fleming, Florey and Chain’s development of penicillin
• Discovery of DNA and the importance of genetics and lifestyle on health
• Advances in medicines (magic bullets, antibiotics, use of insulin for diabetes)
• Improvements in diagnosis: MRI scanners, blood tests etc.
• Role of the government in vaccination campaigns and healthy lifestyle campaigns (e.g anti-smoking/lung cancer campaign)

Site Study: British Sector of the Western Front, 1914-18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches (Question focus: Using sources)

• British sector of Western Front: Ypres Salient, Battle of Somme, Arras and Cambrai
• Trench system, use of caves, tunnels and mines (Hill 60) and the impact of this on medical care
• Common illnesses such as trench foot and infections
• Nature of injuries: shrapnel wounds, gas attacks, head injuries
• Work of RAMC and FANY
• System of transport: stretcher bearers, horse and motor ambulances
• First aid posts, dressing stations, casualty clearing stations and base hospitals (underground hospital at Arras)
• Developments in treatments: Thomas splint, mobile x-rays, blood bank at Battle of Cambrai
• Knowledge of sources useful to this topic (newspapers, diaries, army records, government records, photos)

Paper 2 – Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, 1060-1088: (Question focus: Causation)

• Anglo Saxon society: monarch, Earls, thegns, ceorls, peasants and slaves
• Ruling England: Witan, taxation, punishments, fyrd, heptarchy
• Anglo-Saxon Church
• Power of the Godwin family
• Harold Godwinson’s embassy to Normandy
• Tostig as Earl of Northumbria and his rebellion/exile
• Succession crisis following death of Edward the Confessor: 4 claimants (William of Normandy, Edgar Aetheling, Harald Hardrada and Harold Godwinson)
• Coronation of Harold Godwinson
• Battle of Gate Fulford
• Battle of Stamford Bridge
• Battle of Hastings
• William’s journey to London, harrying, submission of Edgar Aetheling and William’s coronation
• Marcher Earldoms, confiscation of land, building motte and bailey castles and churches
• Revolt of Edwin and Morcar
• Rebellions in the North and harrying of the North
• Hereward the Wake and the rebellion at Ely
• Revolt of the Earls (1075): Roger of Hereford, Ralph of Norfolk and Waltheof of Northumbria
• Changes in society in Norman England: feudal system (tenants-in-chief and villeins)
• Role of the Church, including Archbishop Stigand and Lanfranc
• Life in towns and villages – role of merchants and use of garrisons
• William’s government: role of regents (Odo and Lanfranc)
• Office of the Sherrif and the Demesne; role of the Forest and Forest Laws
• Use of the Domesday Book
• William and his succession (Robert and his revolt; William Rufus)

Paper 3: (Question focus: Interpreting historians opinions)
The USA: Conflict at Home and Abroad, 1954-75

• Life for Black Americans in the early 1950s: segregation, Jim Crow laws, Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Establishment of NAACP and CORE
• Education: Brown vs. Topeka and Little Rock High School Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Civil Rights Act, 1957
• Significance of Martin Luther King’s leadership; setting up of SCLC
• Opposition to civil rights: KKK, White Citizens Councils, Dixiecrats
• Murder of Emmett Till
• Greensboro sit-ins and Freedom Rides (KKK violence/Anniston bomb)
• James Meredith case
• Marches in Birmingham, Washington and Selma
• Freedom Summer and Mississippi murders
• Role of Kennedy and Johnson in the Civil Rights Act 1964
• Voting Rights Act, 1965
• Malcolm X: his influence and assassination
• Black Panthers
• Black power movement and Mexico Olympics
• Stanley Carmichael
• Riots of 1965-7 and Kerner Report
• Assassination of Martin Luther King
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the end of French rule in Vietnam
• Domino theory and reasons for US involvement
• Weaknesses of Diem’s government (Strategic Hamlets)
• Escalation under Johnson: Gulf of Tonkin incident
• Vietcong tactics (guerrilla warfare, Ho Chi Minh trail)
• USA tactics (Operation Rolling Thunder, Search and Destroy, agent orange and napalm bombs)
• Tet offensive
• Nixon’s impact: Vietnamisation
• US attacks on Laos and Cambodia
• Nixon Doctrine and withdrawal of US troops
• Peace negotiations and the Paris Peace Agreement
• Opposition to the war in the USA (media coverage, My Lai massacre, student protests and Kent State shootings, economic and human cost of the war
• Support for the war: “silent majority” and “hard hats”
• Reasons for US failure in Vietnam

Revision Tips

• Make timelines, revision cards and spider diagrams and practise explaining how events are caused, how far things change, why an event/individual is important and the effects of an event.
• Ask your teacher for practice exam questions.
• Don’t forget to revise the structures and timings as well.
• These papers are content heavy so know your key people, facts and events.

Exam Hints

• Read the question carefully. What is it asking you to do? Make sure you use the wording of the question in your answer
• Each mark on the papers should take about 1.5 minutes.

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